有些分詞短語的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，可以獨立存在，因此被稱為獨立成分。它并不表示句子主語的動作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度，它在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，作為習慣用法或固定短語，用來修飾整個句子。

這些短語有：Generally speaking (總的說來)，F(xiàn)rankly/properly speaking (坦率/恰當?shù)卣f)，Judging from/by (從……判斷)，Supposing (假設)，taking… into consideration(考慮到)等等。

① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.

② 總的說來，這條規(guī)則很容易懂。

Generally speaking, the novel is not very interesting.

總的來說，這本小說不是很有趣。

③ Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.

總的來說，女生比男生更謹慎。

④ Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?

說到旅游，你去過北京嗎？

④Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.

由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個誠實的人。

⑤Judging from her face, she must be ill.

從她的臉色看，她一定生病了。

⑤ Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.

⑥ 從她上封信看,他們過的非常快。

⑦Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.

考慮各種因素，你最好離開。

例題:

____, he seems to be very nervous.

A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance

C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance

（答案解析：答案是D。Judging from…從什么中判斷，是一個固定短語。整句話的意思是：從他的外表來看，他似乎很緊張。）