希賽網(wǎng)英語頻道為同學(xué)們整理了全國醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語統(tǒng)一考試真題，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們多多復(fù)習(xí).專心備考。

Part II Vocabulary (10%)

Section A

Directions： In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence ,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

31.A number of black youths have complained of beingby the police.

A.harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released

32.He rapidly becamewith his own power in the team.

A.irrigatedB. irradiatedC. inoculatedD. intoxicated

33.Throughout his political career he has always been in the.

A.twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight

34.Wethat diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.

A.suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect

35.A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily .

C. demolishedD. diminished

39.You should stopyour condition and do something about it.

A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on

40.The author of the book has shown his remarkably keeninto human nature.

A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflection

Section B

Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.

A.toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic

42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.

A.permanentB.desperateC. destructive

43.He kept telling us about his operation, in the most graphic detail.

A. verifiableB.explicit0. precise

44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.

A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honesty

45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.

A. claimB.clueC. excuse

46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her.

A. anguishB. regretC. apology

47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.

A. delicateB.communicativeC. skillful

48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperamGt.

A. dispositionB.qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement

49.The doctor ruled out Friday5 s surgery for the patient5 s unexpected complications.

A. confirmedB.facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled

50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.

A. cautiousB.motionlessC. calmD. alert

Part in Cloze (10%)

Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A,B，C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia. These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they

weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 61 pounds. A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman5 s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves.

They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a( n)59. For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60. If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.

51.A. specificallyB. purposelyC. particularlyD. passionately

52.A. fromB. ofC. atD. in

53. A. kill巳.starveC. abuseD. worsen

54. A. WhenB. WhileC. AsD. Since

55. A. lostB. derivedC. generatedD. synthesized

56. A. whatB. whyC. howD. which

57. A. goodB. highC. lowerD. poor

58. A. representB. makeC. presentD. exert

59. A. medication   B.illusion0. motionD. action

60. A. habitB. behaviorC. disorderD. pattern

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

Children should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.

The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach ,particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.

John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it ’ s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults," he saysso if phones did prove to be hazardous—which they haven’t yet—it would be sensible.

In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “what we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it5 s hazardous,” he says.

Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children5 s exposure would be greater. "There5 s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so childrenJ s heads are considerably closer,” he says. Stewart5 s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary," says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “ But we accept that it’s

difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body. ”

61.Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm human tissue according to the government report, does not mean that.

A.the government should prohibit children from using cell-phones

B.we should put down the phone for the sake of safety

C.the industry can have a right to promote phone use

D.children are safe using cell-phones

62.Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in terms of

A. their neural development

C. the frequency of their irrational use

B.their ill-designed cell-phones

D. their ignorance of its possible health effects

63.On the issue in question, Preece

A.does not agree with Tattersall

B. tries to remove the obstacles in the way

C.asks for further investigation

D. would stand by Stewart

64.What is worrisome at present is that the UK.

A.is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stewart5 s plan

B.finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone use

C.maintains different standards on safety limit from the international ones

D.does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions

65.Which of the following can be the best candidate for the title of the passage?

A. Brain WaveB. For Adults Only

C. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the Air

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Two

Advances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects ,repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile5 s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs （要人），voluptuous nudes, or middle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open； but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.

Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator （館長(zhǎng)）of Yale University5 s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief history of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples （酒窩）of Leonardo5 s Mona Lisa； the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals； and the “Smiley Face” logo perfected （though not invented） in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R. Ball.

In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to be openly displayed.

Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk （假笑）of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb. Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public. “ Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile," and therefore suggest insincerity or

lack of enthusiasm, he says.

With tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow5 s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These corner-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.

What can you say to that except ** Have a nice day?”

66.Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .

A.people would not have been as happy as they are today

B.the rate of facial birth defect would not have declined

C.there would not have been many more open smiles

D.we would not have seen smiling faces in public

67.According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits or pictures is decided by.

A.one’s internal sense of the external world B.one’s identity or social position

C. one’s times of existenceD. All of the above

68.Trumble’ s study on smiles shows that.

A.an open smile can serve as a cover-up

B.the famous portraits radiate varying smiles

C.even the human muscles can arouse varying emotions

D.smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures

69.What Trumble expects to see is.

A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in public

B.further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western cultures

C.a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smiles

D.more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public

70.At the end of the passage, the author implicates.

A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB. an identical smile for everybody

C. future changes in life styleD. the future of smile

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Three

Adolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology. In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals firsthand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler5 s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.

Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me, ” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug. At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s generally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright. He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy （危險(xiǎn)的）position as Hitler5 s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.H And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?

Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.

“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler1 s doctor and the higher echelons （階層）of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.H "We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life，” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler5 shenchmen （死黨），Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination

attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,n says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.

71.According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler.

A.might have used biological weapons in the war

B.could not have committed suicide as confirmed

C.could have died of bacterial infection

D.might have survived a bacterial plague

72.Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler.

A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacks

B.was anxious to have penicillin developed in his country

C.received an injection of penicillin for blood poisoning

D.was suspected of being likely to get infected

73.As Wainwright reasons, Hitler’s personal doctor.

A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to him

B.need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infection

C.would have had every reason to assassinate him

D.must have tried to produce penicillin

74.Wainwright implies that the Third Reich.

A.met the fate of collapse as expected

B.butchered millions of lives on the earth

C.was severely struck by bacterial plagues

D.did have channels to obtain pure penicillin

75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?

B.Morrell Loyal to His German Premier?

C.Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?

D.Penicillin Abused in German?

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Four

Get ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym： one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.

The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. "The smart thing is that we5 ve put them in one machine.，’And it5 s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.

Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation ,says Tapp, anything that isnJt fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient5 s urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body5 s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject，s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That5 s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area—will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower—rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat. Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.

76.The new machine is designed.

A.to picture the body5 s hidden fat

B.to identify those at risk for obesity

C.to help clinically treat specific cases

D.to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects

77.The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that.

A. it performs a dual function

B.it is of great accuracy in measurement

C.it has significant implications in clinical practice

D.it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy

78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?

A. A minuscule current.B.A radioactive tracer.

C. A water tank.D. All of the above.

79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner.

A. quickens the pace of the patient5 s rehabilitation

B.is highly appreciated for its safety

C.features its measuring precision

D.is easy to operate in the clinic

80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is.

A. taking up a form of workout in the gymB.turning round the body fat scanner

C. lying on the electromagnetic fieldD. standing in the system

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Five

There is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol （贊揚(yáng)）the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare tune to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study in our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.

Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic （美學(xué)的）ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure. So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.

Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd” or "technocrats”，generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous （可笑的）accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering （爭(zhēng)吵）.

81.From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see.

A. the integration of theory with practice

B.the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge

C.the rapid division of traditional disciplines

D.the confrontation between specialists and generalists

82.The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge.

A.is mainly composed of two elements

B.presents two different points of view

C.cannot be perceived from one perspective

D.is a whole made up of complementary elements

83.Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we.

A. can have an understanding of itB.will develop into an expert

C. will perceive its entiretyD. are interested in it

84.It is commentator ’ s contention that neither specialists nor generalists.

A.have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculpture

B.represent the depth and breadth of knowledge

C.are necessarily supposed to belittle the other

D.can be qualified as environmental scientists

85.Which of the following can be the best title for the comment?

A. Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation B.Breath and Depth of Knowledge

C. The Ways of Doing ScienceD. The Beauty of Science

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Six

That shabby unknown bundle of neglect and despair that was dropped off by the police six weeks ago—later to be identified by his mother, who turns up occasionally—is now a driving force on the infants’ward. Once he was bathed a few times and his rashes were treated, he turned out to be a 14-month-old boy named Vergil, still recovering from premature birth——birth weight, 2.5 pounds, it came obvious he had never received any real attention, and practical no solid food, and it was never very clear who assumed responsibility for him in his family, if anyone. Miraculously he survived, with almost no outside help.

At first he just lay there, withdrawn, sucking on an empty bottle as he had been used to doing at home. After a few days it became clear he was ravenously hungry and he downed bottle after bottle of milk. Slowly he began to respond to the ward staff around him who hung over the side of his crib, tempting him back to life.

He started by cautiously chewing on people, sniffing and tasting them warily like a little wild creature. Gradually he climbed to a standing position, pulling himself up on the bars of his crib. Then he began to discover noise——that came from himself. When he learned that it was acceptable, in this place, to scream when enraged, he filled his corner of the room with garbled speech-like sounds, and loud baby-bellows of demand. If nobody responded he would fix each passerby with a coy look that evolved into a seductive grin, revealing four widely space little teeth. Someone always stopped, grinning back at this adorable creature, then picking him up and cuddling him. We on the staff took personal pride and delight in his steady progress.During the day we moved his crib from the infants5 ward to the playroom where there are people coming and going. He loved it, standing and cruising in his crib, commenting happily on the scene, crowing and babbling. One afternoon, when his crib was moved adjacent to the wall, he became unusually quiet, deep in concentration. With the stealth of a cat, using his little fingers like tiny screwdrivers, he had taken apart the wall oxygen unit. Our delight in his progress turned to real respect. Perhaps we could steer him toward the right path before it was too late. Vergil definitely had a future.

86.In the infants’ ward, Vergil.

A. was treated as an orphanB.was born prematurely

C. had himself renamedD.drove the staff busy

87.The ward staff must have been marveled at Vergil5 s.

A. vitalityB.shabbiness

C. premature birthD.physical well-being

88.How did Vergil begin to respond to people?

A. By making loud baby-bellows of demand.

B.By fixing each passerby with a coy look.

C.By sniffing and tasting them.

D.By yelling at them.

89.From the observation made by the physician in the clinic, we can say that Vergil.

A. was appreciative of the ward staff

B.was growing in a favorable environment

C.was growing faster in mind than in body

D.was proud of his physical and mental growth

90.Through the mention of Vergil’s improper act, the writer is trying to imply.

A.the existence of dangers in the infants’ ward

B.the importance of guidance on babies5 growth

C.the acceptance of inborn mischief

D.the existence of a future for him

Part V Writing (20%)

Directions： In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.

新興學(xué)科:藥物心理學(xué)

藥物作用于人體的病變部位，而病人的心理作用會(huì)或多或少地影響藥物的作用。為了使藥物治療達(dá)到最佳療效，人們必須研究藥物心理學(xué)，講究服藥心理?，F(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥學(xué)認(rèn)為：藥物大多能產(chǎn)生兩種效應(yīng)。藥物通過其藥理作用來達(dá)到治病的目的，此為藥物的生理作用。藥物還可通過其非生理作用，在病人的心理上產(chǎn)生良好的感覺，加速疾病的康復(fù)，此為藥物的心理效應(yīng)。藥物的心理效應(yīng)可促使藥物取得更好的療效，為治療奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。藥物的心理效應(yīng)是指由醫(yī)生的威信，病人對(duì)藥物的信任感，接受藥物治療的體驗(yàn)、評(píng)價(jià)，治療時(shí)外界的暗示及藥物的廣吿效應(yīng)等共同作用而產(chǎn)生的綜合效應(yīng)。藥物心理學(xué)正是建立在藥物心理效應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)之上的一門新興邊緣學(xué)料。眾所周知，用同樣的藥物，由希賽網(wǎng)、名醫(yī)開出的效果會(huì)更好，這就是藥物心理學(xué)最簡(jiǎn)單而明顯的例子。

有人做了一個(gè)形象的比喻:藥物是治療疾病的“種子”，而心理狀態(tài)是種子賴以生長(zhǎng)、開花和結(jié)果的“土壤”。藥物的藥理作用是藥物治療疾病的基礎(chǔ)，而藥物的心理效應(yīng)則在疾病治療過程中起著十分微妙的作用。特別是在治療心因性疾病和心理精神疾病中，良好的心態(tài)顯得更為重要。與服藥心理關(guān)系最密切的是藥物的信譽(yù)。原因?yàn)椋候\的信念和愉快的心情能影響人體的生理機(jī)能，增加腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素的分泌;而適量的腎上腺素能經(jīng)受200 - 400倍致死量的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素。藥物的良好信譽(yù)，能樹立人對(duì)藥物治病救人的堅(jiān)定信念。

為什么不良心態(tài)會(huì)降低藥物的生理效應(yīng)呢？人體是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的有機(jī)整體，不良心態(tài)會(huì)影響內(nèi)分泌、心腦血管系統(tǒng)等的功能，從而減弱人體的抗病能力，體內(nèi)細(xì)菌就趁機(jī)繁衍滋生，藥效當(dāng)然就降低了。積極的服藥心理，可激活內(nèi)分泌和潛在的免疫功能，藥物在免疫器官分泌抗體增多時(shí)能發(fā)揮最佳療效。藥物心理學(xué)對(duì)人體的作用，在某些人群中表現(xiàn)尤為明顯:特別是有神經(jīng)質(zhì)、意志薄弱、心理缺陷和易受暗示的人。藥物心理學(xué)揭示了安慰劑止痛和心理安慰的奧秘:安慰劑可通過心理暗示作用刺激大腦產(chǎn)生內(nèi)源性腦啡肽，其結(jié)構(gòu)類似天然嗎啡，用于疼痛部位，從而減輕疼痛。許多人有以自覺癥狀為主的慢性病。許多慢性病有明顯的自覺癥狀，如惡心嘔吐、頭暈?zāi)垦?、失眠多?mèng)、食欲不振、腹脹和隱痛等，這些癥狀與心理和精神狀態(tài)密切相關(guān)。而藥物的心理作用正是通過心理暗示來調(diào)整人的心態(tài)，在不知不覺中治愈或緩解了原有的慢性病。醫(yī)護(hù)人員的語言、舉止和行為對(duì)病人的用藥心理影響很大。目前世界各國對(duì)癌癥、類風(fēng)濕性疾病和自身免疫疾病等尚無特效藥。但醫(yī)生絕不可對(duì)患者說："此病為絕癥，無藥可治。"如對(duì)癥適時(shí)選用安慰劑，有時(shí)會(huì)收到真正特效藥所沒有的神奇作用，至少可解除病人精神上的痛苦，在心靈上得到安慰和鼓勵(lì)，從而增強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)勝疾病的信心。

藥物心理學(xué)的重要組成部分是暗示療法和安慰劑。安慰劑通過心理暗示作用影響病人的心理狀態(tài)，進(jìn)而影響機(jī)體的生理功能，從而起到積極的治療作用?，F(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)證明：藥物心理效應(yīng)不但具有心理上的安慰作用，而且還有改變器官功能活動(dòng)和軀體癥狀的多種作用，故可用于治療某類軀體疾病及多種心理疾病。