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        考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句

        考博英語(yǔ) 責(zé)任編輯:胡陸 2020-09-17

        摘要:語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)可以是是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中最難理解的了,那么怎么復(fù)習(xí)考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法呢?希賽網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)頻道為大家分享相關(guān)內(nèi)容,更多考試相關(guān)資訊,請(qǐng)關(guān)注希賽網(wǎng)考博英語(yǔ)頻道。

        語(yǔ)法的復(fù)習(xí)是比較枯燥的,同時(shí)對(duì)于參加博士生入學(xué)考試的學(xué)員來(lái)說(shuō),基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)是很久之前的事情了。要想在短期內(nèi)提高語(yǔ)法基本功,最理想的辦法就是復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和做題。以下是小編為大家整理分享的考博英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,希望能給大家提供幫助。

        1.在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),也可做介詞的賓語(yǔ)。eg, he said he was good at drawing. (動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))

        he asks him how long mike has been down . (動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))

        miss zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語(yǔ))

        2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類:

        (1) 以that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)句形式的賓語(yǔ)從句, that可以省略。eg, the radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.

        she told me (that) she would like to go with us.

        (2) 以連接代詞which, what, who等或連接副詞how, where, why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句是陳述語(yǔ)序

        eg, could you tell me what's the matter with u?

        i want to know how soon it will begin.

        (3) 以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句, 主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句意思或選擇疑問(wèn)句意思的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句同樣是陳述語(yǔ)序

        eg, i wonder if /whether u have told the new to li lei .

        3.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

        (1) 當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、或一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。

        eg, i want to know what time he got up this morning.

        you are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow?

        (2) 當(dāng)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí), 從句要用于過(guò)去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。

        eg,they asked what jean was doing now .

        linda said that the train had left.

        (3) 當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

        eg, lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.

        polly said no news is a good news

        注意:一般情況下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情況例外。

        1. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用if

        eg, we are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.

        2. 引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或 not 連用時(shí), 只用whether.

        eg, please let me know what to do next.

        could you tell me whether u go or not?

        3. if當(dāng)如果講時(shí), 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 這時(shí)不能用whether.

        e,g, you can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting .

        注意點(diǎn)一:引導(dǎo)詞

        賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞常常有以下三種:由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞為that,that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中可省略;由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞為if或whether;由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞為句子本身的特殊疑問(wèn)詞,即what,when,where等。如:

        i think(that)he will come here by train.我認(rèn)為他會(huì)坐火車來(lái)這兒的。he asked me whether i know his new address.他問(wèn)我是否知道他新地址。i want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么時(shí)候到家的。

        注意點(diǎn)二:語(yǔ)序

        賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序,即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+其他”。也就是說(shuō),將疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),一定要將疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)變成陳述句語(yǔ)序。如:

        can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 你能告訴我他明天將要做什么?

        【友情提示】當(dāng)疑問(wèn)句在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),語(yǔ)序不變。如:

        do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此興奮嗎?

        i don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。

        注意點(diǎn)三:時(shí)態(tài)

        主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),則賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用任意的時(shí)態(tài);但主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句則要用過(guò)去的相對(duì)應(yīng)的某種時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

        she tells me that she will come by bus. 她說(shuō)她將要坐公交車來(lái)。

        she told me that she would come by bus. 她說(shuō)她將要坐公交車來(lái)。

        【友情提示】如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理或是科學(xué)事實(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:

        our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

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