1.The children is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors [that we term biological heredity], to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments [that result in walking].

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

①主句：The children is individually equipped.

【譯文】孩子們個體配備。

②分句一：that we term biological heredity

類型：定語從句；連接詞：that

【譯文】我們稱之為生物遺傳

分句二：that result in walking

類型：定語從句；連接詞：that

【譯文】 促使行走

其他修飾成分：by the complex set … 為方式狀語，其中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句；to make all the needed … 為目的狀語，其中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

【全句譯文】孩子個體配備是有生物遺傳這一系列復(fù)雜的因素決定的，促使行走所需要的肌肉和神經(jīng)進行調(diào)整。

2.{Although they are a little awed by youths [who will work for months (to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers)]}, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire [their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing (how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth)].

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

①主句: value-oriented adults tell parents to admire…

【譯文】以價值為導(dǎo)向的成年人告訴父母去欣賞……

②分句一：Although they are a little awed by youths…developers

類型：讓步狀語從句；連接詞：although

【譯文】盡管有點敬畏……的年輕人

分句二：who will work for months to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers

類型：定語從句；連接詞：who

【譯文】為避免自然保護區(qū)被開發(fā)者開采而工作幾個月

分句三：their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing…

類型：賓語從句；連接詞：省略了that

【譯文】承認(rèn)這些年輕人的行動比吞咽金魚……的行動更有意義

分句四：how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth

類型：賓語從句；連接詞：how

【譯文】觀看有多少小孩能擠進一個電話亭

【全句譯文】盡管有點敬畏那些為避免自然保護區(qū)被開發(fā)者開采而工作幾個月的年輕人，但這些以價值為導(dǎo)向的成年人告訴父母們?nèi)ゾ磁逅麄兊哪贻p人（即他們的子女），去承認(rèn)這些年輕人的行動比吞咽金魚或觀看多少小孩能擠進一個電話亭的行動更有意義。

3.In general, the tests work most effectively [when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined] and least effectively [when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined].

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

①主句：The tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…

【譯文】當(dāng)……測試最為有效；當(dāng)……測試效果最差

②分句一：when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined

類型：時間狀語從句；連接詞：when

【譯文】當(dāng)所要測定的特征能很精確界定時

分句二：when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined

類型：時間狀語從句；連接詞：when

【譯文】當(dāng)所要測定或預(yù)測的東西不能明確地界定時

【全句譯文】一般來講，當(dāng)所要測定的特征能很精確界定時，測試最為有效；而當(dāng)所要測定或預(yù)測的東西不能明確地界定時，測試的效果則最差。

4.One difficulty is [that almost all of (what is called behavioral science) continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on].

這是一個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

①主句：One difficulty is that …

【譯文】困難之一在于…

②分句一：that almost…continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

類型：表語從句；連接詞：that

【譯文】……幾乎全部都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

分句二：what is called behavioral science

類型：賓語從句（介詞of后的賓語）；連接詞：what

【譯文】所謂的行為科學(xué)

【全句譯文】困難之一在于：所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全部都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

5.The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy [in which consumers largely determine (what shall be produced) by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services they want most.]

這是個主從復(fù)合句。

原句中的各個子句，子句類型以及連接詞如下：

①主句：The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy

【譯文】美國的經(jīng)濟體制基本上是以市場經(jīng)濟為中心建立起來的。

②分句一：in which consumers largely determine…

類型：定語從句；連接詞：in which

【譯文】在這種體制下，消費者在很大程度上決定了……

分句二：what shall be produced

類型：賓語從句；連接詞：what

【譯文】產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)

【全句譯文】美國的經(jīng)濟體制基本上是以市場經(jīng)濟為中心建立起來的。在這種經(jīng)濟體制下，消費者通過在市場上花錢購買他們最需要的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，在很大程度上決定了產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。