1.名詞性從句，包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句;

2.形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說(shuō)的定語(yǔ)從句;

3.狀語(yǔ)從句，在句子中通常是時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式的狀語(yǔ)。

長(zhǎng)難句解析

10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the

terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to

live up to the promise of his advertisements.

【詞匯】

apart from: 除此之外;除去;撇開(kāi)......來(lái)說(shuō)

parliament: n. 議會(huì)，國(guó)會(huì)

term: n. 條款;術(shù)語(yǔ);期限

fail to do: 未能(做)......，沒(méi)能(做)......

live up to: 達(dá)到高標(biāo)準(zhǔn);;實(shí)行;履行

【句式結(jié)構(gòu)】

①句子主干成分為：no regular advertiser dare promote a product...，其中 dare 做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;

②定于從句：that fails to live up to ...advertisements，修飾先行詞 a product;

③介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)：Apart from the fact...advertising，表示“除去......的事實(shí)外”;

④同位語(yǔ)從句：that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of

advertising，解釋說(shuō)明 the fact。

【翻譯】

除去議會(huì)有 27 件法案來(lái)規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)正式的廣告商敢于推銷(xiāo)一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。

11. If its message were confined merely to information — that in itself

would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the

choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive——advertising would be so

boring that no one would pay any attention.

【詞匯】

be confined to: 局限于;禁閉于...

subtly: adv. 隱隱約約地

persuasive: adj. 有說(shuō)服力的;勸誘的

pay attention to: 注意;關(guān)注

【句式結(jié)構(gòu)】

①句子主干為：advertising would be so boring...;

②結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：that no one would pay any attention;

③條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If its message were confined merely to information，以及后面并列的條件句

that...would be difficult...，其中 that 指代前面的整個(gè)句子，即，If its message were confined

merely to information。be difficult if not impossible

是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的搭配表達(dá)，意思是“很難做到......”。

④原因狀語(yǔ)從句：for even a detail...is subtly persuasive，其中 such as the choice of

the color of a shirt 作為一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)。

【翻譯】

如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達(dá)到的，也是非常難做的，因?yàn)槿绻B一個(gè)諸如襯衫顏色的選擇這樣的細(xì)節(jié)都具有微妙的說(shuō)服力，那么廣告就會(huì)非常乏味以至于沒(méi)有人會(huì)關(guān)注它。

12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the

foreigner who learns a new language——all these are examples of people who have

measurable results to show for their efforts.

【詞匯】

promotion: n. 促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)，(商品等的)推廣

foreigner: n. 外國(guó)人;外人;陌生人

Measurable: adj. 可量度的;可測(cè)量的;可預(yù)見(jiàn)的

【句式分析】

①句子的主干是：all these are examples of people...;

②定語(yǔ)從句：

who gets a promotion 修飾先行詞 The workers;

whose grades improve 修飾先行詞 the student;

who learns a new language 修飾先行詞 the foreigner;

who have measurable results...修飾先行詞 people;

③不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)：to show for their efforts。

【翻譯】

得到了升遷的工人們，成績(jī)進(jìn)步的學(xué)生，學(xué)會(huì)了一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言的外國(guó)人——這些都是那些有可衡量的結(jié)果來(lái)顯示其努力的人們的例證