1.名詞性從句，包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句;

2.形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說(shuō)的定語(yǔ)從句;

3.狀語(yǔ)從句，在句子中通常是時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式的狀語(yǔ)。

長(zhǎng)難句解析

25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’sexcellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology

the practice of giving premiums to inventors; above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.

【詞匯】

shaping factor: 形成因素

single out: 挑選出

elementary: adj. 基本的;初級(jí)的;[化]元素的

labor force: 勞動(dòng)力

premium: n. 額外費(fèi)用;保險(xiǎn)費(fèi);附加費(fèi)

above all: 最重要的是

spatial: adj. 空間的;存在于空間的;占大篇幅的

【句式分析】

① 句子主干：I would single out...。

② 分號(hào)間隔了三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)：the country’s excellent elementary schools; the practice of

giving premiums to inventors; the American genius。

③ 冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容為解釋說(shuō)明：a labor force that welcomed the new technology。

【翻譯】

在許多形成因素當(dāng)中，我將挑選出這些：這個(gè)優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育：歡迎新技術(shù)的勞動(dòng)者們;獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)發(fā)明者的做法;而且最重要的是美國(guó)人在對(duì)那些技術(shù)性事物的非言語(yǔ)的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。

26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer the inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate in their minds devices that as

yet do not exist”.

【詞匯】

point out: 指出

be reduced to: n. 減少;縮小

unambiguous: adj. 不含糊的;清楚的;明白的

deal with: 處理

assemble: v. 集合，收集

manipulate: v. 操作;處理

【句式分析】

① 句子主干：A technologist thinks about objects...The designer the

inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate devices。

② 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out，從句修飾的內(nèi)容是雙引號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容。

③ 定語(yǔ)從句：that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions 修飾先行

詞 objects;that as yet do not exist 修飾先行詞 devices。

④ 冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容為解釋說(shuō)明： they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal

process。

【翻譯】

正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個(gè)技術(shù)希賽網(wǎng)思考那些不能被簡(jiǎn)化成能被清楚的語(yǔ)言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過(guò)一種視覺(jué)的、非語(yǔ)言表述的過(guò)程處理的……設(shè)計(jì)者和發(fā)明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置?！?/p>

27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,

considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".

【詞匯】

mechanic: n. 技工，機(jī)修工

lever: n. 杠桿

screw: n. 螺絲釘;螺旋槳

wedge: n. 楔;楔形物

alphabet：n. 字母表;字母系統(tǒng)

exhibition：n. 表明;陳列，展覽

transmit: v. 傳遞;傳輸，傳送;發(fā)射

【句式分析】

① 句子主干：Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down...”。

② 介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)：like a poet among the letters of the alphabet，補(bǔ)充完整為定語(yǔ)從句是：who islike a poet among the letters of the alphabet。

③ 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts

④ 非限定定語(yǔ)從句：in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea，用來(lái)修飾先行詞 an exhibition of his thoughts。

【翻譯】

羅伯特·法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到：“一個(gè)技師會(huì)坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當(dāng)中，就像一個(gè)詩(shī)人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達(dá)了——種新的思想。”