中國(guó)科學(xué)院2021年考博英語(yǔ)真題

PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)

Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1.In my opinion, she left the letter there ________ so that you’d see it.

A．deliberatelyB．coincidentallyC．currentlyD．typically

2.Obviously, we demonstrate that this feed additive has had a ________ effectiveness to increase the rate of egg production.

A. preciseB. priorC. pertinentD. potent

3. The new secretary will ________ us of some of the paperwork.

A. releaseB. relieveC. relateD. relay

4.They had to ________ their failure to a lack of preparation.

A. attributeB. dedicateC. blameD. contrive

5. We do need help from others, but we’ll never ________ others for support.

A. engage inB. lean onC. embark onD. indulge in

6.________ is piling up that as men do more of the caregiving, violence against women falls.

A. KnowledgeB. PressureC. InformationD. Evidence

7. There are volumes of work examining how couples and families ________ conflict, but very few studies examining them having fun and laughing together.

A. carry onB. solveC. resolveD. carry out

8. The solution is grossly oversimplified and is ________ with your generally realistic attitude.

A. offensiveB. inconsistentC. continuousD. expectant

9. Nissan has unveiled its super-quiet, zero ________ electric car technology, a key design for the company.

A. chargeB. emissionC. vibrationD. memory

10. We felt as if half the people in town were ________ our lives.

A. poking their noses intoB. counting on

C. pointing outD. making a point of

11. Few people believed that the Empire could continue unchanged after the ________ of the war.

A. aftermathB. upheavalsC. relicD. ruins

12. Be sure to ________ an enclosed shelter, especially if you intend to build a fire in it.

A. ventilateB. decorateC. renovateD. mend

13. He might have ________ pressure to save his position.

A. yielded toB. yearned forC. taken awayD. cleared off

14. A dentist may decide to ________ the tooth to prevent recurrent trouble.

A. exemptB. excludeC. exploitD. extract

15. My old school friends are scattered far and ________ now.

A. closeB. wideC. remoteD. near

16. His second statement agrees ________ facts as stated by the other witnesses.

A. withB. onC. toD. up

17. Don’t be afraid to ________ yourself in the interview.

A. affirmB. assertC. relaxD. accustom

18. I am eager to share my thoughts with you, to compare ________, and to get your opinions.

A. meansB. noticesC. notesD. ideas

19. Research has found that the drug contains a toxic chemical that can cause ________ problems.

A. respiratoryB. primaryC. experimentalD. implicit

20. The administration is willing to negotiate ________ but it is not ready to make any significant changes to the legislation.

A. to some extentB. out of placeC. in practiceD. for instance

PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

One day in 1945, a man named Percy Spencer was touring one of the laboratories he managed at Raytheon in Waltham, Massachusetts, a supplier of radar technology to the Allied forces. He was standing by a magnetron, a vacuum tube which generates microwaves, to _21_ the sensitivity of radar, when he felt a strange sensation. Checking his pocket, he found his candy bar had melted. Surprised and _22_, he sent for a bag of popcorn, and held it up to the magnetron. The popcorn popped. Within a year, Raytheon made a patent _23_ for a microwave oven.

The history of scientific discovery is peppered with breakthroughs that came about _24_. The most momentous was Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928, _25_ when he noticed how a mould that floated into his Petri dish killed off the surrounding bacteria. Spencer and Fleming didn’t just get lucky. Spencer had the nous and the knowledge to turn his observation into _26_; only an expert on bacteria _27_ ready to see the significance of Fleming’s stray spore. As Louis Pasteur wrote, “In the field of observation, chance _28_ only the prepared mind.”

The word that best describes this subtle blend of chance and agency is “serendipity”. It was _29_ by Horace Walpole, man of letters and aristocratic dilettante. Writing to a friend in 1754, Walpole explained an unexpected discovery he had just made by _30_ to a Persian fairy tale, “The Three Princes of Serendip”. The princes, he told his correspondent, were “always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not _31_ ... now do you understand Serendipity?” These days, we tend to _32_ serendipity with luck, and we neglect the sagacity. But some conditions are more _33_ to accidental discovery than others.

Today’s world wide web has developed to organize, and make sense of, the exponential increase in information made _34_ to everyone by the digital revolution, and it is amazingly good at doing so. If you are searching for something, you can find it online, and quickly. But a side-effect of this awesome efficiency may be a shrinking, _35_ an expansion, of our horizons, because we are less likely to come across things we are not in quest of.

21.A. addressB. developC. boostD. affect

22. A. intriguedB. alluredC. temptedD. bewitched

23. A. appliance B. utilizationC. employmentD. application

24.A. without warning B. by accidentC. without delayD. by mistake

25.A. promptedB. arousedC. impliedD. completed

26.A. distinctionB. realizationC. variationD. innovation

27.A. would beB. would have been C. wasD. had been

28.A. prefersB. benefitsC. favorsD. respects

29.A. coinedB. yieldedC. possessedD. faked

30.A. quotationB. referenceC. sourceD. citation

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