山東學(xué)位英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)專題復(fù)習(xí)-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般用法中較為特殊的情況; 2．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的情況; 3．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

1．can/be able to 都表示能力，意思上沒(méi)多大區(qū)別。但can 只有現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去時(shí)，而be able to 則有更多的形式。但當(dāng)成功地完成某一具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常不用could 而用was/were able to 來(lái)表示。這時(shí)was/were able to 相當(dāng)于managed to ，表示經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。

2．must 表示必須，應(yīng)該，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化，must 表示推測(cè)只能用于肯定句。mustn't 表示禁止做某事。must 還可以表示―非要‖。

3．should / ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。should 可表示陳述意見(jiàn)，提出建議或請(qǐng)求；而ought to 可以表示勸告之意。

4．will / would will 用于各種人稱表示―意志‖、―意愿‖或―決心‖等，否定式won't + 動(dòng)詞；will 用于疑問(wèn)句中，常用在第二人稱時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢雳D請(qǐng)求‖或―詢問(wèn)‖； will 表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有―總是‖、―慣于‖的含義。would 表示客氣的請(qǐng)求、建議或意愿；would 還表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

5．shall 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，有―命令‖、―警告、威脅、強(qiáng)制‖和―允許‖等意思。在疑問(wèn)句中，shall 用于征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must ，can ，could ，may ，might 都可用來(lái)表示推測(cè)。其中，must 所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意為―一定‖。注意，其否定式mustn't 表示―想必不‖；表示―不可能‖要用can't 或couldn't 。 may 和 might 表示可能性時(shí)，主要用于肯定句中，might 相對(duì)于may 來(lái)說(shuō)，表示的可能性更小一些。 can 和could 主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。從時(shí)間上可以分為對(duì)現(xiàn)在一般情況的推測(cè)、對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)三種。需要注意的幾點(diǎn)：

1．can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是―經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談‖。

2．may 和might 都不用于疑問(wèn)句中 3．must 的否定式是can't ／couldn't ，不是 needn't 或m ustn't 。

4．would ＋V 原形：想必現(xiàn)在／過(guò)去……；現(xiàn)在／過(guò)去可能……

5．will ＋V 原形：將來(lái)一定／準(zhǔn)會(huì)…… 6．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+p.p.

1）should (ought to) have ＋過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而（實(shí)際）沒(méi)有做的事情。含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語(yǔ)氣，意為―本應(yīng)該……‖。其否定形式為―should not ／ought not to have ＋ 過(guò)去分詞‖。

2）needn't have ＋ 過(guò)去分詞

表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做某事, 但實(shí)際上做了某事。

3）must have ＋ 過(guò)去分詞

意為―過(guò)去一定做過(guò)某事‖，表示一種很有把握的推測(cè)。注意，對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè)常用can't ／couldn't have ＋過(guò)去分詞。

4）may ／might have ＋過(guò)去分詞 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的一種不太有把握的（可能性）推測(cè)，意為―或許／可能做過(guò)某事‖。另外，用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，通常用might 。

5）could have ＋過(guò)去分詞

表示―（過(guò)去）本來(lái)可以（能夠）做某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做到‖。

三、should 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的運(yùn)用

1．在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用―should ＋動(dòng)詞原形‖；若if 省略，should 應(yīng)提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

2．動(dòng)詞arrange （安排，籌劃），command （命令，要求），demand （要求，需要），desire （要求，渴望），insist （堅(jiān)決主張），order ，propose （主張，提議），request ，require ，suggest （建議）

等后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用―（should ）＋動(dòng)詞原形‖。

3．名詞advice ，idea ，order ，demand ， plan ，proposal （主張），suggestion ，request 等后跟表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用―（should ）＋動(dòng)詞原形‖。

4．在主語(yǔ)從句的下列三種句型中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用―（should ）＋動(dòng)詞原形‖。

（1）It is necessary （important ，impossible ，strange ，natural…）that…

（2）It is a pity （a shame…）that… （3）It is suggested （requested ，ordered ，desired…）that…

四．幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常考的句型

1．may/might (just) as well ―不妨，最好‖，與had better 相近；

2. cannot / can't…too …―越……越好，怎么也不過(guò)分‖。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannot…over…。此外can't 與比較級(jí)連用表示十分的肯定，不能……的更多了。

3. must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意問(wèn)句有好幾種形式。

1) ―must ＋動(dòng)詞原形‖對(duì)目前的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)以及用must ＋be ＋-ing 形式對(duì)目前正在發(fā)生的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)部分要與must 之后的動(dòng)詞相一致。

2) ―must ＋have ＋過(guò)去分詞‖用來(lái)表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推論。如果句子中有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞didn't 否則，疑問(wèn)部分用haven't 或hasn't 。

1．According to the air traffic rules,you______switch off your mobile phone boarding.

A.may

B.can

C.would

D.should

2．Peter ____be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

A.shall

B.should

C.can

D.must

3.You ____ be hungry already —you had lunch only two hours ago!

A.wouldn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t

4．It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it ____be rather cold sometime.

A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would

5．What a pity.Considering his ability and experience, he better.

A.need have done

B.must have done

C.can have done

D.might have done

6．How’s your tour around the North lake? Is it beautiful?

—It ____be, but it is now heavily polluted.

A.will

B.would

C.should

D.must

7．—Turn off the TV , jack. ____ your homework now?

—Mum,just ten more minutes, please.

A.Should you be doing

B.Shouldn’t you be doing

C.Couldn’t you be doing

D.Will you be doing

8．—what does the sign over there read? —No person__ smoke or carry a lighted

cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.

A.will

B.may

C.shall

D.must

9．—What’s the name?

—Khulaifi. ____I spell that for you?

A.Shall

B.Would

C.Can

D.Might

10．If it were not for the fact that she sing I would invite her to the party.

A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.might not

11．John, look at the time. you  ____play the piano at such a late hour?

A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need

12．—Catherine. I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You ____ it. I could manage it myself.

A.needn’t do

B.needn’t have done

C.mustn’t do

D.shouldn’t have done

13．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They  ____at least 150 kilometers an hour.

A.should have been doing

B.must have been doing

C.could have done

D.would have done

14．Some aspects of a pilot’s job__ be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.

A.can;have to

B.may;can

C.have to;may

D.ought to;must

15．I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.

A.should

B.might

C.would

D.could

16．Excuse me ,but I want to use your computer to type a report.

—You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

A.shan’t

B.might not

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

17．The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,‖declared the judge.

A.may

B.should

C.must

D.shall

18. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong –willed man

A. would be

B. would have been

C. must be

D. must have been

19. You ____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.

A. must

B. mustn't

C. have to

D. don't have to

20.I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?

A. Must

B. Can

C. May

D. Will

21. I_______ have watched that movie

—it’ll give me horrible dreams.

A.shouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. couldn’t

D. mustn’t

22. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he ____ arrived half an hour early.

A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

23. ____ I take the book out?—I'm afraid not.

A. Will

B. May

C. Must

D. Need

24.Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .

A. can’t

B. needn’t

C. may not

D. whether

25. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

26. May I take this book out of the reading room?

—No, you ____ . You read it in here. A. mightn’t

B. won’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

27.I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy .

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D .needn’t

28.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.

A ．can

B ．will

C ．must

D ．may

29. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

—Ah, good morning. You  ____be Mrs.Peters.

A. might

B. must

C. would

D. can

30. You ____ have a wrong number, shesaid. ―There is no one of that name here.‖

A. need

B. can

C. must

D. would

1—5DCBBD 6—10CBCAC

11—15ABBAA 16—20ADDDA

21—25AABAB

26—30DACBC