三、 代詞

(一) 知識(shí)概要

英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請(qǐng)看下表

人稱 我 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們　

主格 i you  he  she  it  we  you  they

賓格 me  you  him  her  it  us  you  them

物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請(qǐng)看下表

人稱 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他們的

形容詞性 my  your  his her its ours your they

名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

  反身代詞可見下表

人稱 我 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們　

反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves

指示代詞主要有this, that, these, those

疑問代詞有：who, whom whose, what, which,

還有疑問副詞when, how, where, why。

不定代詞在初中課本中主要有some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…

(二) 正誤辨析

［誤］Tom's mother is taller than my.

［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.

［析］形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對(duì)象是my mother,也就是mine。

［誤］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.

［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.

［析］在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí)，要注意人稱，格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework， 所以應(yīng)用it。

［誤］He and you should go to the library to return the books.

［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.

［析］這主要是英語習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we, you， they:如男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she …如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I, he, she, you, 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.

You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.

We, you and they have been there before.

I, he and you have to pay for it.

［誤］He or his brother is doing their homework.

［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.

［析］由either…or, neither…nor, or 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，如果兩主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞，如兩主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí)，一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前，復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后，要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.

［誤］His brother is taller than him.

［正］His brother is taller than he.

［析］than是連詞，其后應(yīng)視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用法。

I like you as much as she.

［正］I like you as much as her.

［析］as…as 其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為as I like her.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對(duì)的但含義不同。

［誤］Myself did it yesterday.

［正］I myself did it yesterday.

［正］I did it myself yesterday.

［析］反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。

［誤］Take care of ourselves.

［正］Take care of yourselves .(yourself)

［析］祈始句的主語應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.

［誤］Please bring your daughter with yourself.

［正］Please bring your daughter with you.

［析］反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語，如： The old woman spoke to herself.

(三) 例題解析

1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.

A I   B  my   C  me   D mine

2 —＿＿＿  is she?

— She is a teacher.

A   What    B  How    C  Who    D   Where

3＿＿＿ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped＿＿＿.

A  Something, working   B  Something, to work

C    Any thing, working   D Anything, to work

4  Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.

A  you   B your   C  yourself   D yourselves

5 —＿＿＿ do you go to school every day?

— By bus.

A  How  B  Why    C   When    D   Where

6  My skirt is＿＿＿  popular than＿＿＿.

A    much, her   B  much, hers  C   more, her   D  more, hers

7 — Can you speak English?

— Yes, but only＿＿＿.

A  few    B  a few     C   little     D    a little

8   Mr.　Smith is an old friend of＿＿＿.

A  I        B  me     C  my    D mine

9 “ ＿＿＿do you hear from your parents?”

“About once a month.”

A How long    B   How many

C How often  D   How much

10  Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.

A  everything   B  nothing     C  anything   D  something

11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat.”

“Good idea!”

A   anything nice    B nice anything

C   something nice  D nice something

12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?

— I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.

A   Some   B  Neither   C  Either   D  Both

13 This is not her kite,　but＿＿＿.

A  he's  B   him  C   he    D   his

14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.

A   No    B  Many     C Those    D Two

15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ＿＿＿apples than he.

A  few B  many  C  more    D    fewer

16 There isn't ＿＿＿in today's newspaper.

A anything interesting

B something interesting

C nothing interesting

D interesting anything

17 September 10th is＿＿＿ Day?

A  Teacher      B Teachers     C Teacher's    D Teachers'

18 — In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?

—＿＿＿

A So we do.  B We do so.  C So do we.   D We so do.

19 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?

— Sorry. I won't. I have ＿＿＿to do there.

A  everything     B anything     C  something   D nothing

20— Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?

—＿＿＿ Sam ＿＿＿Bruce. It was the cat.

A Both, and    B Not, but     C  Neither, nor   D Either, or

21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.＿＿＿are climbing the hill.

A Others  B Other  C Another  D The other



22 She is not a nurse. I'm not＿＿＿.

A  also  B either C neither   D too

23 I have two pencils. One is red,＿＿＿ is blue.

A  the other   B another     C others  D the others

24 Sorry, I can't answer your question.

I know ＿＿＿about the subject.

A little   B a little       C few     D a few

25 My sister doesn't like skating＿＿＿.

A So do I           B So I don't

C Neither I don't  D  Neither do I

26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,＿＿＿.

A  you, he and I      B  I, you and he

C  he, I and you      D you, I and he

27 All the students are busy,  so＿＿＿of   them will go to the concert.

A many     B little    C a few  D few

28 The teacher gave ＿＿＿student a new book.

A nobody   B both   C each     D any

29 Black is neither a teacher ＿＿＿a worker.

A or    B either     C nor     D and

30 Our teacher gave us＿＿＿on studying.

A many advices     B some advices

C an advice           D some advice

31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One ＿＿＿is from Japan, is from America.

A other    B others       C the other      D the others

32 Are there ＿＿＿on the table?

A some cups     B any cup      C  some cup       D   any cups

33 I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ＿＿＿are American stamps.

A the other    B the others     C other     D others

34 It was＿＿＿ fine day that they went to the park.

A a so   B so a      C such a     D a such

35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So＿＿＿people liked taking trains.

A little    B  a little      C  few      D  a few

36 We must help and understand each＿＿＿.

A other  B another    C others   D  the other

37 ＿＿＿is difficult to walk on the moon.

A Man     B  One      C  That       D  It

38 Jane has sent several letters, but ＿＿＿of them have been answered.

A all    B both    C either   D  none

39 I don't know ＿＿＿about the new headmaster.

A something     B everything     C nothing     D anything

40＿＿＿ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.

A No    B  None    C Not     D  Neither

1［答案］B.

［析］這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。

2［答案］A.

［析］這里的四個(gè)疑問詞放在問句中全都成立，但其意義不同。What is she?應(yīng)譯為“她的工作是什么?”或“她是

做什么的?”而How is she?應(yīng)譯為“她身體如何?”而Who is she?應(yīng)譯為“她是誰?”其答語應(yīng)為“她叫什么名字?！?/p>

而Where is she?應(yīng)為“她在什么地方?”由答語決定了這道題的選擇。

3［答案］A.

［析］因?yàn)槭强隙ň渌詰?yīng)用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，則stop后要用動(dòng)名詞。

4［答案］C.

［析］help oneself to something為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個(gè)人”，而yourselves為“你們”。

5［答案］A.

［析］這題的答案是由問句決定的。

6［答案］D.

［析］因會(huì)講某種語言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對(duì)待，此答語為：是的，但僅僅會(huì)講一點(diǎn)。

7［答案］D.

［析］因句中有than,所以應(yīng)選用比較級(jí)，而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。

8［答案］D.

［析］這里應(yīng)選名詞性物主代詞，這也是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法，而不要選擇my。

9［答案］C.

［析］How often問的是某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，即在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生多少次。

10［答案］C.

［析］在否定句中應(yīng)用anything

11［答案］C.

［析］肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應(yīng)放其后而不要放在其前面。

12［答案］C.

［析］因如選用both則名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，由于答語前有I don't mind 則決定不能選擇neither.

13［答案］D.

［析］要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。

14［答案］A.

［析］這是一條諺語，即沒有消息就是好消息。 

15［答案］C.

［析］由于是比較級(jí)，根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選“多于”而不是“少于”。 

16［答案］A.

［析］由于句子是否定句，應(yīng)選擇anything，而且不定代詞的修飾語應(yīng)放在其后面。

17［答案］D.

［析］教師節(jié)Teachers' Day,兒童節(jié) Children's Day, 婦女節(jié) Women's Day

18［答案］C.

［析］在答語中用簡(jiǎn)略方式表達(dá)上文的一個(gè)動(dòng)作同樣適用于另一個(gè)主語時(shí)，則要采用倒裝句，但如果僅僅是對(duì)上句

的重復(fù)則不要倒裝。

19［答案］D.

［析］這個(gè)答案的選擇應(yīng)由上下兩句對(duì)話內(nèi)容作出決定。

20［答案］C.

［析］neither…nor意為既不……也不……

21［答案］A.

［析］這里因?yàn)槭谴鎻?fù)數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)用名詞性的復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。

22［答案］B.

［析］在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.

23［答案］A.

［析］兩者中的另一個(gè)應(yīng)為特指。而且應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數(shù)代名詞。others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代

名詞，而the others是特指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。

24［答案］A.

［析］中文講我對(duì)此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。

25［答案］D.

［析］這是表達(dá)上面否定句中的動(dòng)作，也同樣不適合

于第二個(gè)人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。

26［答案］A.

［析］這是若干人稱代詞并列時(shí)的順序問題。請(qǐng)參看辨析中的例子。

27［答案］D.

［析］student為可數(shù)名詞。

28［答案］C.

［析］both其后的名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，而any用于疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

29［答案］C.

［析］neither…nor為“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。

30［答案］D.

［析］advice為不可數(shù)名詞。some可用于可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞之前。

31［答案］C.

［析］因?yàn)槭莾烧咧械囊粋€(gè)，所以另一個(gè)應(yīng)用單數(shù)特指代詞。

32［答案］D.

［析］此句是疑問句，應(yīng)用any cups, 因提問時(shí)的be動(dòng)詞用的是are。

33［答案］B.

［析］此空應(yīng)填入主語。又因其范圍已定，所以應(yīng)選特指的代名詞。the other只能用作單數(shù)，而others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)

代名詞，故只能選B。

34［答案］C.

［析］在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前可以有兩種表達(dá)法，即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，如：such a good day，

或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，如：so good a day.

35［答案］C.

［析］這是英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數(shù)人喜歡坐火車，英文要選用“few”。

36［答案］A.

［析］each other意為“互相”，是習(xí)慣用語。

37［答案］D.

［析］這里的真正主語應(yīng)為不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主語只能用it.

38［答案］D.

［析］several letters意為“若干信件”，應(yīng)看作多于兩者，則在A、D中作選擇，僅D符合句意。

39［答案］D.

［析］否定句中應(yīng)用anything.

40［答案］B.